Vitalik proposes the "Minimalist Consensus Chain" plan: Reconstructing Ethereum's consensus layer using ZK-STARK, with the goal of supporting one million validators.
1 hours ago
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has released a new research paper titled "The Extremely Lean Chain," proposing a drastically streamlined design for Ethereum’s consensus layer. The plan leverages "Lean" upgrades including single-slot finality, recursive STARK proofs, and quantum-resistant signature aggregation to significantly reduce consensus chain state storage requirements, shifting most state management and zero-knowledge (ZK) proof responsibilities to validators. Vitalik argues that this proposal would eliminate the Beacon Chain’s current complex periodic state processing workflows, drastically cut system overhead, enable Ethereum to scale to millions of validators in the future, and also improve validator anonymity. Per the design, validators no longer need to store large amounts of data such as public keys, withdrawal credentials, activation and exit records on-chain long-term; instead, they only retain minimal core state like effective balances and public key indexes, while the rest of the data is submitted and verified periodically via STARK proofs. The proposal also introduces mechanisms like daily balance update proofs, ZK-STARK privacy protection, and daily re-randomization of validator identities, which enhance network scalability while further boosting privacy and censorship resistance. Vitalik noted that with an approximately one-day proof period, the scheme can complete proof generation on regular hardware, reduce on-chain burden through proof aggregation, and provide a new technical roadmap for the long-term expansion of Ethereum’s consensus layer.
The case for a SpaceX-Tesla merger has strengthened, with the timing of the combination emerging as the central topic of discussion.
1 seconds ago
Bitcoin address dormant for nearly 15 years shows unusual activity, tied to New York lawsuit over ownership of "sleeping bitcoins"
1 seconds ago
This Week’s Crypto Market Preview: Fed Meeting Minutes Set for Release, SpaceX to Be Added to Nasdaq 100 Index
1 seconds ago
Morgan Stanley warns that US equities may struggle to hit new highs, as investors are rotating out of tech stocks.
1 seconds ago
The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) has rolled out the first phase of its special campaign "Cyber Clean: Rectifying Chaos in AI Applications".
1 seconds ago
Deribit × SignalPlus "Island Plan" Trading Competition Officially Launched, $600,000 USDC Prize Pool Now Up for Grabs
1 seconds ago
Hot feeds
A trader profits $448K by monitoring #Binance's new listings!
2024.12.13 17:37:29
Last week, funds have flowed into #Bitcoin, #Ethereum, and #Hyperliquid.
2024.12.16 14:48:36
A $PEPE whale that had been dormant for 600 days transferred all 2.1T $PEPE($52M) to a new address.
2024.12.14 10:35:27
When Elon Musk tweeted about Moltbook, the meme coin MOLT experienced a short-term 30% price surge, hitting a new all-time high of $114 million.
2026.01.31 18:37:29
A smart #AI coin trader made $17.6M on $GOAT, $ai16z, $Fartcoin,$arc.
2025.01.05 16:05:18
A sniper earned 2,277 $ETH ($8.3M) trading $SHIRO within 18 hours!
2024.12.03 23:09:08
MoreHot Articles

How did I turn $1,000 into $30,000 with smart money?
2024.12.09

10 promising AI Agent cryptos
2024.12.05

The 30-Year-Old Entrepreneur Behind Virtual, a Multi-Million Dollar AI Agent Society
2025.01.22

10 smart traders specializing in MEMEcoin trading on Solana
2024.12.09

A trader lost $73.9K trading memecoins in just 3 minutes — a lesson for us all!
2024.12.13

What is $SPORE? Let us take you through the on-chain records to show you how it works.
2024.12.25

